Literary periods

After watching the video Pat showed us and doing some research, we we did a timeline about the different literary periods, when did they take place and their characteristics. I worked with Tomas Braun and this is our timeline.

Secondly, if I had to choose which periods do I like the best, I would choose the Renaissance, the Victorian period and the Modern age. First of all, I would choose the Renaissance(1500-1660), as we have already studied many poems from this period and I really enjoyed it. Moreover, this period includes Shakespeare which is a great writer whose works we have also studied in the past years, and whose style I really like. Moreover, I would also choose the victorian period(1837-1901). This period included the critic and questioning of many social topics and is something I also find interesting. It also includes many sentimental novels which are also interesting to read. Finally, the one I liked the most is Modernism(1914-1945). The main reason I would choose this period is because it includes war poetry. Last year, we read many war poems and stories about war poets, which I really enjoyed. For this reason, I would choose the Modern period as the best one.

Mi vínculo con la literatura

En esta clase virtual del 19 de Marzo, Carol nos pidió que contemos nuestra experiencia y vínculo con la literatura, si leemos o alguna vez leímos, qué nos gusta leer y nuestra relación con los libros.

Teníamos tres opciones:

1) Hacer un collage mas un texto explicativo.

2) Hacer viñetas

3) Grabar un audio de tres minutos.

Yo elegí el collage y el texto explicativo.

Esta ex mi experiencia y vínculo con los libros durante mi vida:

    Mi relación con los libros y la lectura fue variando a lo largo de mi vida. Cuando era chico y no sabía leer, me contaban historia y cuentos, como a todos para dormirme, todavía lo recuerdo. A veces sobre animales y también cuentos fantásticos. 

    Cuando entré a primaria, me fasciné con la lectura. Me encantaba leer en el colegio, los libros de suspenso y misterio me fascinaban, realmente me enganchaban. Todavía recuerdo uno que leímos en primaria, que me había encantado, «el misterio del mayordomo». Fue un libro que me enganchó tanto y tuvo un final tan inesperado que lo recordé por muchísimo tiempo, siempre dije que había sido mi favorito. En la primaria, también leía en mis tiempos libres, me gustan libros como los de gaturro(tenía todos), mafalda y alguno que otro de fútbol, mi pasión. Recuerdo que los devoraba, los leía tan rápido que pasaba más tiempo sin leer que leyendo, aunque esto era lo único que hacía, jajaja. Pasaba todo el rato leyendo, recuerdo también que me encantaba leer el diario, la parte de deportes. Todos los días, mientras desayunaba leía esta sección, me entretenía mucho. 

    Cuando arranqué la secundaria, dejé el lado el mundo de los libros, un poco porque tenía menos tiempo libre y otro poco por lo tecnológico, que me dominó por completo. Dejé de leer por mi cuenta, capas alguna historia corta o algo que me compartían, pero dejé de comprar libros. Sólo leía en el colegio, cuando entre todos leíamos una historia. Esto terminó en Diciembre del año pasado, que mi hermana me prestó un libro llamado «Historias de Diván», de Rolón, que me hizo volver a leer. Este, cuenta historias que atraviesa un psicólogo en su trabajo y las narra desde su punto de vista. Me fascinó, tanto la forma de escribir del autor cómo los temas que tocaba en sus narraciones(cabe resaltar que me interesa mucho la carrera «psicología). Actualmente, sigo leyéndolo  y también otro llamado «el fútbol, de la mano», que narra pequeñas historias de fútbol. Me volví a meter en el mundo de la lectura y busco seguir leyendo estos tipos de libros, ya que considero que leer está bueno no solo como espacio para estar con uno mismo y desconectarse sino también como forma de entretenerse y pasar el rato.

 

Este es el collage en el que se basó mi texto explicativo:

Atividade português – 16 de março

A partir do tema trabalhado na última aula, nomear e explicar 3 (três) mudanças a respeito das funções sociais e culturais do homem e/ou da mulher. Por exenplo, as mulheres estudam carreiras universitárias e se desempenham em suas profissões de uma maneira semelhante aos homens.

– Extensão da explicação de cada uma das mudanças: 5 linhas; letra Arial 12; espaço 1,5.

– Criar hoje uma postagem no seu blog com a atividade feita.

    1. Uma das mudanças foi que as mulheres não podiam votar ou eleger seus representantes. Com o passar do tempo, eles adquiriram o direito de votar e pararam de depender do que os homens acreditavam ser o melhor para seu país. Dessa forma, essa mudança permitiu que suas opiniões e votos foram escutados, algo que não aconteceu antes. Assim, elas podem agora participar da eleição dos representantes de seu país.
    2. Outra mudança foi que as mulheres eram anteriormente incapazes de deixar suas casas, já que seu trabalho era cuidar de seus filhos e realizar tarefas domésticas. Foram julgadas se saíam para trabalhar graças ao estereótipo imposto pela sociedade, que mostrava o homem como aquele que deveria sair para trabalhar enquanto a mulher não podia. Essa imagem mudou, pois agora as mulheres podem sair livremente sem a necessidade de ter um homem ao lado e podem ter uma vida mais livre sem essas dependências.
    3. Outra mudança em relação à função social e cultural dos homens foi que eles não têm mais a obrigação de sair trabalhar, pois podem ficar em casa cuidando dos filhos, algo que antes não podiam, pois se creia que seu trabalho era sustentar à família.

 

All my sons – Introduction. Matías Ripoll, TOmas Braun and Gonzalo Irazusta

Arthur miller information:

  • He was born on October 17th 1915 in New York and died on February 10th of 2005.
  • He had to work in odd jobs to get money for college, as his family lost everything in  the Wall Street Crash
  • He is best known for death of a salesman.
  • With his plays, he tried to raise social awareness.
  • He was married with his college sweetheart with whom he had 2 kids. Then they divorce.
  • After his first marriage, he married Marilyn Monroe, actress and sex symbol of Hollywood.
  • Miller bareilly writed while being with Monroe, but when she died after a year of their divorce, he was criticised of capitalizing their love a lot after the drama After the fall.
  • -He debuted with The Man who Had All The Luck, which received woeful reviews
  • -3 years later, he wrote All my Sons, which was a hit and gave him his first Tony award
  • Death of a Salesman was the peak of his career, winning almost every literary award, like the Pulitzer, the New York Drama Critics’ Circle Award and the Tony award
  • Miller bareilly writed while being with Monroe, but when she died after a year of their divorce, he was criticised of capitalizing their love a lot after the drama After the fall.

 

Individual task about all my sons:

Answer the following questions on your own. Then share what you have written with the members of your group.

  • How would you define a responsible person?

A responsible person is someone who makes decision by his own, and accepts the consequences of his own actions. It´s someone who knows how to behave and what should and should not be done, so therefore knows what are the effects of his doings.

  • Are you a responsible person? Why or why not? Give examples of people you know in your personal life or in the public domain who are responsible. How do these individuals support your definition?

I do think that I´m a responsible person as I see myself as someone who decides by himself and acts upon what he thinks. I also know that my actions have consequences and try to behave. Maybe I´m not as responsible as a grown up like my parents, for example, as I´m still a teenager. I believe my parents are responsible as they take more important decisions and conduct good behaviours, they work and know well how they have to behave and what they have to do always.

  • How does one learn to become a responsible person?
    Who are the “teachers” and where do we find them in our lives?

I believe that we behave to become a responsible person with the passing of time. First, as we grow up and mature, we learn more how we have to behave and act and start to accept the consequences of our own acts. Moreover, we become more responsible with experiences and everyday things which we undergo, as they teach us what to do in these situation. Our teachers are not only our family and professors but also our everyday experiences.

  • Is being responsible a character trait that you value a lot?
    Why or why not?

I do believe that being responsible is a valuable character trait as people need to make their own decisions, behave and do what it´s best for them and to the people thay are surrounded by. Also, it´s important as everyone needs to accepts the consequences of their actions, as people can´t act as they want and affects the others, without caring about the effects of their doings.

  • The Golden Rule is “Do unto others as you would have others do unto you.” What does this statement mean? Can you think of a situation in your own life in which you used this statement as the guiding principle for the action that you took? If “yes,” explain.

I think that this means that whatever you think that it´s hurtful to you and would affect you, you shouldn´t do it to another person. This means that people should act well and in the same way that they expect other people to act towards themselves. For example, sometimes it happens that a partner asks me to lend him something(a pen, a sheet of paper) and I do so. I know that if I were in his place I would like that he lent it to me, so I act in the same way that I wished the other people did upon me.

Artwork analysis

Matías Ripoll

ARTWORK ANALYSIS

 

  1. Look for a definition of “Art” written by a well-known artist, writer, philosopher, thinker or musician, of any time. Write it down and specify the author.
  2. Observe the artwork of different media, form contemporary artists, presented in class. You can see it again by checking the blog: http://vgrehan.cumbresblogs.com/2019/04/08/contemporary-art-for-artwork-analysis/
    a)Choose the artwork that you think matches the art definition in question 1. Justify. b)Choose the artwork that you liked best.  
  3. Answer the following questions regarding the artwork chosen in question 2b.
    a)What is it made of? Specify media (if it is a painting, sculpture, performance, installation, illustration, etc.) and technique.
    b)What is represented? Describe the figures, images, what do they look like? Are they realistic, hyper-realistic, figurative or abstract?
    c)How is it represented?
    i. Composition: describe the organization of elements in the image (Where are they and how much space are they occupying).
    ii. Colour palette: describe the group of colours used, not naming each one separately but what identifies them as a group (cool, warm, light, dark, pastels, bright, saturated, de-saturated, complementary, contrast or no contrast, monochromatic, achromatic and/or polychromatic).
    d) How do you look at it? Describe where you look first and how your gaze moves around the piece, and explain why.
    e) How does it make you feel? Why? Describe your feelings, explain which visual resources you believe are triggering those feelings and why.
    f) What do you think is the meaning or message of the artwork? Explain with your own words what you believe the artwork is expressing, what topic it is referring to and the message or comment behind it. 
  4. Associate the analyzed piece of art in question 3 with a song. How are they related? What elements in the song can be considered similar to the visual art piece? Explain. 
  5. Together with all your classmates make a playlist in spotify with all the chosen songs. 
  1. ¨Art enables us to find ourselves and lose ourselves at the same time¨- Thomas Merton, the American religious writer.
  2. a)

I think that this drawing is a clear representation of the definition I looked. The artwork shows an abstract figure which could really mean something to the author, such us what he is, what he likes to do or if it represents something to him, which makes reference to the first part of the quote ¨art enables us to find ourselves¨. However, as it´s also very creative and abstract we can also see ow the author ¨loses himself¨, going beyond the limits of concrete figures and loosening himself and his feelings. 

b)This is the drawing I liked the most:

 

3.

  1.   This artwork was done using painting by Cinta Vidal, a Spanish painter, who was born in 1982 and started painting at the age of sixteen. It’s an illustrated painting, as most of her works, mainly caused by the fact that Vidal studied in the school ¨escuela Massana de Barcelona¨ an illustration training course, which helped her to develop this type of painting.
  2. In this drawing, a white house can be seen, which contains several blue and green entrances, windows and balconies. Moreover, the painting shows a person in a balcony of the house.  As this are all real structures, we can say that the painting has a realistic side. However, we can see that the house has no ground and base, as every front and end is filled with a balcony, window or entrance, and it has no straight base which could be attached to the ground. This also shows something that’s not real, so we can´t state whether it’s real or not, showing that the painting it´s hyper-realistic. 
  3. i. If we refer to the composition of the painting, it has several elements. we can see behind the house a light brown background which shows different shades and tones of colours. In the middle of the painting we can see a house, containing several elements belonging to it, such as windows, balconies, doors, roofs. in addition, the drawing of the background and it´s colour and shades are similar to a floor made of wood, which can be understood and interpreted as the floor of the house. The connection between the background and the house, together with the different parts of the house, gives us an unified image.                                                                                   ii. The group of colour used is bright and light, showing a clear and vivid image of the house. Moreover, the colours are saturated as the painting shows colour and a vivid image rather than a dark side. Finally, as several colours are used to create this bright and light image it’s a polychromatic painting. 
  4. From my perspective and experience of analysing the painting, I do believe that the first thing which is seen is the house as a whole, the center of the house. Later on, you start getting into details, such as the windows, the roof, the plants hanging at the sides of the house, the balconies and even the person standing in this balcony. Finally, once the details of the house have been detected, you reach the outer parts of the painting, the light-brown background. 
  5. In my opinion, this painting transmits feelings of tranquility and calmness. It makes you feel secure, safe and cool. I do think that this is mainly caused by the light colours, which transmit coolness as they are soft. In addition, the image of the house also contributes to this idea of calmness and tranquility as our home is the place where we feel safe and secure, while being with the people we love, our family. 
  6. I think that the message and meaning of the artwork is the idea of how our home is the place which provides us with tranquility and calmness. Everyday we run from one place to another, rushing and always nervous but always when we arrive home we feel this calmness and safeness of being at our own place with ur family, which is  shown in the painting. It’s shown in the whole idea of the house, the bright and light colours of the house and the tranquility of the person standing in the balcony, which seems thoughtful and reflective. 

4) The song that I’ve chosen to relate to the analysed picture of question 3 is ¨Home¨ by Phillip Phillips. In this song, the voice and singer talks to another person, transmitting calmness and tranquility by saying phrases like ¨just know you are not alone¨, ¨I´m going to make this place your home¨ and ¨don’t pay no mind to the demons they fill you with fear¨. These three quotes try to make the other person feel safe and secure, which can be clearly related to the painting of Vidal, which uses light colours and an image of a home(safeness) to transmit this feeling of being calm. Finally, the rhythm and voice used to sing chosen by the author also it´s of joy and brightness, rather than of disappointment or fear. 

 

5) https://open.spotify.com/user/mylt1c1ico76m6ngv0mjugp7d/playlist/2Eh2SRTO9ACLPVoI15uprG?si=bGnvejcgSGaeSy8vjJrNPg

Is it art?

Some classes ago, after reading about Marcel Duchamp´s story, a discussion about if his urinal was art or not started. He claimed it was and gave several arguments supporting his positions is Duchamp´s urinal and readymade ART?

 

From my perspective and point of view, Marcel Duchamp´s readymade and urinal IS ART. An artwork needs to have a true message and sense for the author and person who created it, not to the rest one. Duchamp claimed it really ahd a true meaning for him, showing that he is doing it for a reason, other than money or fame. Moreover, art is based on creativity, new ideas and innovation, and what he did, not only had a message, but was innovative, unique and special. That is art. Something to become doesn´t need the approval from the resto of the people who have no idea about what made the artist to do it. Something tbecomes art as long as the artist considers it, according to what that piece of art means to him or her, and what made him create it. As Duchamp developed and claimed, the ¨readymade¨ was an invention, and unique and new ideas are pieces of art. Artworks also tend to transmit messages to people and the audience, as well as Duchamp´s urinal, which had a message and also an audience to transmit the message to. Finally, and to end, the urinal was something useless, an everyday object which Duchamp managed to turn and change into something new. Its innovative and unique and is still remembered with the passing of years, showing it is an artwork.

The destructors – Eportfolio

In the second term, we dedicated several classes to read the story ¨The Destructors¨. We started to read it all together and debating about literary devices, which appeared all along the story. We continued reading the story in class and some at home, but always discussing what was happening and how characters were affected with the development of the story.

The story was situated in London, after war had taken place and the consequences had been left. Everytjing was destroyed, every building and street, except for one house. The story shows how war left the society broke apart, with everything and everyone destroyed, physically and psychollogically. This is also shown by the acts done and taken by Trevor and his gang. The write shows how the gang needs to destroy the last house that was left for the war, to start all over again and begin from cero. With Pato, we discussed three conflicts. The first one is that one, called construction VS destruction, showing they had to demolish the last house remianing for the society to start all over again and build everything from cero again. The second conflict was the problems on who directe the gang, as Blackie was the leader of the gang, commanding every activity and plan of the gang, until Trevor arrived and proposed the demolishment of Old Misery´s house, acquiring leadership. The last conflict which we discussed was the one of Trevor with his one self. He belonged to a wealthy and well-educated family and as he belonged to this gang, he wanted to do things improper of him, showing this internal conlflict he had with himself, with his history and his wish of belonging to the gang. After discusing these conflicts and the story, we had to answer five questions in pairs. This is the work I did with Tomás Braun.

I really enjoyed reading this stroy as it was very catching. As we were reading the story, it became more catching and interesting, as each class one of this three conflicts appeared. Moreover, the fact that we discussed the story all together, exchanging opinions and points of view, helped a lot to understand even more the story and each confclit. In addition, all along the story, the writer is constantly adding suspense, causing intrigue and will to keep reading. This is another reason why I enjoyed reading this story. Finally, the fact that the questions were answered in pairs, helped me both in the questionnaire and for the term test, as I understood thanks to my partner, things I maybe wouldn´t have.

 

I could connect the conflict of constructions VS destruction with something that happens to me, and I do belive tha to many people in our lives. They needed to destroy Old Misery´s house, the last standing house, for the society to be built from cero again, and to start it development as one. I do belive that this happens to me. When we are sad or aren´t undergoing a great moment, in order to start al over again and begin to recover and feel better, sometimes we need to unload and discharge what we have left, as the gang did with the house. I felt identified with this conflict as its common that people after maybe crying a lot or discharging all the anger or sadness can overcome a difficult situation, similar to what happened to the society, which had been destroyed by the war.

 

Picture poem – Eportfolio

About two weeks ago, Pato told us to look for an image we had taken and that we liked. Based on this image, we should first look for five nouns, five adjectives and five verbs which could be seen or could be related to this image. After doing this, we should make two literary devices about this image. With the literary devices, the nouns, adjectives and verbs, we should make our own poem, as we liked. Although it was a very open activity, with plenty of choices and options to do, it was a little bit complex and difficult, but much more entertaining and fun, for myself. I chose a picture I had taken one week before in Independiente´s stadium. After selecting everything Pato told us to, I wrote the following poem, showing and trying to show in it how passionate I and every Independiente fan is for the club, and how every match is lived in the LDA.

 

I really enjoyed performing this activity. To begin with, I liked the fact that I could do it individually, as I could express and write whatever I wanted about, without needing to consult and ask someone else if they agreed. Although sometimes writing essays or doing works in pairs helps to exchange ideas and complement each other, I´m really glad this activity was individual, otherwise I wouldn’t have been able to express fully as I wished. Moreover, the fact the option and task was so open and free to choose was also great, as I could write about my passion and however I wanted to. I really enjoyed writing this poem and didn’t see it like a task or a work, but as a way of putting in words something I really enjoyed doing every weekend. Also, changing and doing different activities is always nice instead of doing always the same things. Having the chance of varying is enjoyable and fun, and even more if we are able to use things we have learnt to express ourselves about whatever we like or want. 

This is my work.

I could relate and connect this activity with two things. On the one hand, the most obvious one is my passion, football and Independiente. As it was about what my poem was about, a lot of memories and moments came to my head when writing the poem. I had plenty of things to connect and express about and this is thanks to how much I love playing football and going to this stadium. When I was writing the poem I felt as if I was in the stadium, chanting and cheering up the players, feeling the atmosphere and climate. 

 

On the other hand, I could also relate this with an activity we did with our Art teacher in the first term. In this one, we had to choose a picture we liked of ourselves doing something that we liked, draw it and finally develop why we had picked that picture and why we liked what we were doing. It made me remember about this activity, as first we were free to choose a picture we liked or something we enjoyed doing, and also the freedom to do whatever we wanted was the same in both activities. Finally, both in the literature and art activity we had to describe in some way why we liked this picture o why we chose it.

The lady in the looking glass: A reflection – E-portfolio

One of the activities I enjoyed the most was when we read and analysed the story “The Lady in the looking glass: a reflection”, by Virginia Woolf. First of all, we did research about the author and the context and background of the story. She fought for women’s rights and was a courageous woman, and very revolutionary for that time. This research allowed us to know the context and background of the story and the author’s biography. The story has a really interesting development and plot twist. The main character is Isabella, who appears to hide her true inside by showing through the outside another side and many layers who hide her true self. From the outside, she appeared to be someone who was cared for, with many letters from friends and appreciated her. However, as we reach the end, we realize that those “letters” turned out to be bills. This showed Isabella’s two sides. The one from the outside, which was the one she showed to everyone,to hide her other and true self, from the inside. She was lonely and had many debts, which she wanted know about, hiding them behind these layers of life. Virginia Woolf uses metaphors, comparisons and similes to show these two sides of Isabella, throughout the house’s appearances. As well as Isabella, the inside of the house was creepy, dark and messy, but from the outside, you could see a colourful garden with many flowers and hiding this darkness with a lot of brightness and positivity.

 

       I really liked this activity for several reasons. First of all, the story was incredible and fascinating from every aspect. The amount of comparisons and diverse metaphors to represent one thing used by Woolf was really impressive. Moreover, the use of symbols such as the mirror and how it reflected someone’s inside and outside also caught my attention a lot. In addition, the way message given by Woolf is very true and worth to think about. Isabella is very unhappy as she hides her true self with layers filled with lies, and with this Wool wants to transmit that we need to accept how we are, and love ourselves as we are. We don’t have to be afraid of what we like, what we do, or how we are, and begin to love ourselves with our good and bad things, no matter what others may think or say.

          This activity is connected to our everyday life. At least I felt really identified with Woolf’s message. I sometimes hide what I like to do or act in a different way according to who I am with, fearing what people may think or say. Everyone has sometimes experienced this and mainly adolescents have. Although I might keep doing it sometimes without realizing, the poem and message given by Virginia helped me to understand that I have to stop hiding my true self, and be how I really am. I don’t need to be afraid to show my true self, as I have good things and bad things, which is good to accept them. It’s true, as Virginia shows, that by loving yourself and liking how you are with your good and bad things you will be happier, as hiding your true self like Isabella leads to loneliness and unhappiness. You have to be proud of who you are, accept your positive and negative aspects and love yourself, letting everyone to know your true self.

Las Hermanas Ocampo – E-portfolio

En el último trimestre, comenzamos a investigar y buscar sobre la vida de las hermanas Ocampo. Silvina Ocampo era la menor, mientras que Victoria era la mayor. Ambas pudieron destacarse y ser reconocidas en el ámbito literario, Victoria como cronista y periodista, y Silvina como escritora de cuentos de ficción. Las hermanas Ocampos, utilizaron la escritura y su reconocimiento social para luchar y oponerse al estereotipo femenino de la época, y el rol de la mujer que la sociedad imponía, oprimiendo a las mujeres de ese entonces. Victoria, logró hacerlo a través de su forma de vivir y sus logros, mientras que la hermana menor, Silvina, lo hizo a través de sus obras. Luego de debatir y poner en común la vida de las Ocampo, leímos y analizamos las tres obras de Silvina Ocampo: «La Boda», «Clotilde Ifrán» y «Ana Valerga». Luego, Cami nos dio dos distintas opciones para realizar un ensayo sobre estos textos, justificando con citas de los mismos. Las opciones eran o hablar del binomio vida/muerte, o desarrollar cómo las hermanas Ocampo rompían con los estereotipos femeninos de la época. Este es mi ensayo.

 

Elegí esta actividad primero porque creo que es la que más abarca, resume y muestra lo que hicimos y sobre lo que trabajamos en este último trimestre. Además, la vida de las hermanas Ocampo, sus logros y cómo ellas lucharon para oponerse a este rol de mujer que imponía la sociedad es un tema muy interesante e importante para aprender sobre nuestra literatura y país. Me interesó ver como Victoria, pudo animarse a pesar de que los que la rodeaban se oponían, a ser periodista, dar a conocer a muchos escritores argentinos y crear la editorial SUR. Ella pudo sobrepasar muchas barreras sociales y estereotipos de la época y me interesó conocer su historia y cómo ella logró esto con personalidad. Por otro lado, también esta actividad me gustó gracias a los interesantes cuentos de la menor de las Ocampo, Silvina. Las tres obras fueron realmente fascinantes, sin embargo, las más interesantes desde mi perspectiva fueron «Ana Valerga» y «Clotilde Ifrán», lo cual me ayudó a realizar este trabajo, ya que debía tratar con estos dos textos. 

 

Esta actividad me hizo acordar mucho a la actividad de cierre que hicimos con nuestro profesor de History. Esta consistía en una asamblea situada en la revolución Francesa. Nos dividimos en grupos de 3 y cada grupo debía representar a una persona dentro de esta asamblea. Dos de ellos, Marquis de Condorcet y Olympe de Gouges, en sus propuestas para la asamblea buscaron la inclusión de las mujeres tanto social como políticamente. Promovieron la inclusión e igualdad oponiéndose a los estereotipos y roles de la época, y tratando de concientizar y mostrarle al resto de los miembros por qué las mujeres también debían participar política y socialmente. Esto tiene un estrecha relación con las hermanas Ocampo, ya que, a pesar de que los medios fueron distintos(escritura), ellas también se opusieron a las barreras sociales y estereotipos, al igual que Condorcet y Gouges.